The click could have been a Power Supply protection, maybe one of the things you plugged in shorted the system.
Try this -
Remove the battery and unplug the AC adapter then press and hold the power button for 20 seconds then try booting it up again.
Dec is a long wait, where did you see they wouldn't be out until december?
There will more than likely be some GTX1070 laptops reduced to clear stock for the RTX models, but you will obviously have to keep any eye out and shop around.
Anything that doubles up as a tablet is going to really struggle playing LoL. Due to the small form factor it wont house the hardware it needs to run games like that at any playable fps.
You're better off searching for "gaming laptops" anything with a 1050ti or better. Make sure it has an SSD.
As you've removed the short and the system still works fine you can continue to use it.
I wouldnt advise putting it back in, even with a new cord as the short may have occurred in the unit itself and it's just cooked the wires.
Your best bet now would be to use an USB SD Reader from amazon or...
You could by a laptop of the same model, not working, of ebay and put the internals of your laptop into it.
However it is not a pleasant job, and if you dont have experience in taking laptops apart you could end up with an unsolvable jizsaw puzzle.