Installing an app through a computer connection? Hmm, that should not work unless perhaps the device is rooted? If that is the case, I can't assist. A rooted device is a whole other animal.
Now if it isn't rooted and it is doing that (and the app was installed through a download directly to the phone, no computer involved) it is possible you got a bad app, virus, malware, etc. If that is the case, to test it, try starting up the device in "Safe Mode" and see if it loads up fine. It should also then not have a problem with the SD card. You have limited access in that mode, but if it shows as OK in there, then you need to locate and remove the problem, then restart (not reset) the phone.