For internet purposes, any cable modem with an Ethernet port should be able to be connected to a laptop that also has Ethernet for internet just like you connect a cable modem to a router. You can even use a laptop as a wireless router if you want to.
However, if you mean to a cable box as in for TV, then chances are that you can't without buying a cable tuner like is suggested in the comment below mine. Computers need cable tuners to work with cable television.