You wouldn't be able to use the phone unless it had some serious storage capacity and it was able to be located by the computer when you turn it on.
You would do better getting a USB thumb drive, getting the files you need placed on the drive (simple copying really won't work) and then connect the drive to the computer before turning on the computer. It should (if it works correctly) start up through the USB rather than the internal drive. If it does not, then you may need to change the USB location to be the 1st choice in BIOS rather than the internal drive and then restart the computer.