Laptop's refusing to boot AT ALL after a random power issue

[Kerochii64]

So, within the past few days, my laptop has been working completely fine. The only issues were a messed up charger (too much bending) and heat related crashing (I play video games that tend to take up too much resources), but these weren't a serious concern, as crashing was random and I could still use the charger as normal.

Now lately I have been excessively crashing that required a cold boot (none gave me a BSOD) and by the time I noticed something was wrong, I scanned and looked at whatever I could. No issues. Then I checked the battery. 6%. It was charging, so meh. Then I check again a few minutes later and it had been reduced to 2%, still on charge. Within the next few minutes, laptop power cut out completely, and the charger stopped powering the device. No lights, nothing.

I have seen a professional over this, we tested no battery with AC, battery (both a new and the current) with an AC, and the above with ACs of different voltages. Power is completely lost, and laptop needs to be sent off. That's cool, but now I have an extra issue. I'm a student and my parents don't really believe in buying me an external that is a terabyte big. (I have a lot of stuff to backup)
I need to get into the hard drive.

To finalise, what has happened to my computer? I have a few suspicions but I think some extra opinions will help me. Also, will file transfers from my hard drive of the sort possibly damage my system? I'd rather not have a bigger bill, let alone a void warranty while it still exists. Thanks!

Specs:
Lenovo G50-45 (80E3)
AMD A8-6410 2G
8 GB RAM
1 TB HDD
*runs Windows 8.1 MM*

 

[hang-the-9]

Things that start up seemingly minor end up major. Especially heat issues and running on a bad charger. Overheating can kill a motherboard or other components over time, sooner or later.

Since the system is dead, just remove the hard drive form it, install it in an external USB enclosure and get your files out using another computer.

You need a backup drive, parents agree or not, what if your hard drive died with your school work on it, never mind the full computer. You were lucky it's probably just the computer and not the hard-drive, the drive is the important part, the rest is just money. You are not going to get back a paper you spend a week writing if the drive goes bad by just going to a store and giving them money for a new drive.