The mouse was levitated by exploiting the principle of diamagnetism. In simple terms, a diamagnetic material is any substance that resists a magnetic field penetrating it. Water is such a substance. In fact, just about every substance has a degree of diamagnetism but because the effect is often thousands of times weaker than magnetism, it's usually overwhelmed. The mouse, being non-ferrous (no, iron in the blood doesn't count since it's not ferro-magnetic and so nothing significant happens to it when exposed to a strong field) and containing a large amount of water, could therefore be levitated when exposed to an incredibly strong field because there was nothing else to cancel out the effects. If you want to mess with this at home you could use a neodium magnet (they're dangerous, don't kill yourself yadda yadda) to roll a grape along a table or deflect a stream of water.
Anyway, because the principle substance in the mouse that is diamagnetic is the water, drinking water laced with ferrous metals will only make him less likely to levitate. Better choices would be gold, silver or copper. However, if you could stuff him full of pyrolytic graphite, that would work best.
I reckon this form of levitation could be dangerous on anything much larger than a mouse or frog because the creature isn't uniformly diamagnetic. It's conceivable that different lifting forces would be present in different organs, causing some of them to press against each other, potentially causing damage. Let's say your brain contains more water than your skull, and so being more apt to levitation begins pressing on it... how long before it causes injury?