however the misleading info from atitool prompted me to open up the gpu to take a look under the hood and to my relief i saw the r480 core.
since atitool reported the wrong core perhaps it was also reporting the wrong number of pipes? - while it was easy to find out what the real core was is there a way i can determine if it really is 16 pipes or not?
Bench it against an x800 pro (12) of similair spec. Look around the Futuremark ORB at '03 or '05 scores. You may want to clock it at the same rate as a known x800xl, too, since they'd be identical if you've got 16 pipelines. ATITool always gets confused.
can framerates determine if it is 12 or 16...
Yes. There are comparisons around, too (maybe tweakers.net forums, I forget).
also the card could only manage a 520/540 (x850xt standard) overclock, anything above that the card would lock up - so i couldnt achieve the x850xt PE standard that others were bragging about.
Mileage varies. Mine hit a ceiling at 510/600, on liquid, but I'm looking to take the time to voltmod some time after finals. 540 for the memory sounds weak, you could probably push that further... IIRC the memory supplied is rated at 600MHz. A memory hike doesn't translate too well into framerate, though; the core is definitely what's holding mine back.
Consider adding aftermarket cooling if you want to go further, too... that Sapphire cooler isn't worth squat. What's your load temp?