thick stranded cables with good strain relief generally wear better than thin cables. removable cables can be nice as if you get a cable break you can replace the cable however comes with the negative of if you bang the connector around hard it places strain on the connector on the headphone.
example of thick cable with good strain relief
http
/kenrockwell.com/audio/audio-technica/ath-m50/D3S_7757-1200.jpg
example of thin cable which is more susceptible to damage
http
/www.highfidelityreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/bose-around-ear-headphones-at-125-95.jpg
i've actually owned both the headphones above (those are not my photos) and despite owning the m50s for 3x as long i have no cable breaks. the bose set had a wire break within just 1-2 years. both were treated the same and wrapped up in a pouch every time and not abused.
next would be how rugged the swivel mechanisms are for the earcups are. while metal is nice they do not necessarily need to be as high strength plastic can be rugged as well. the m50 for instance is all plastic however despite that is very rugged and durable. similarly the mechanism for cans like the vmoda m80 which are all metal are similarly durable. cheap or thin plastic is what you want to avoid as this could break if too much stress is placed on them.
i would not worry too much about earcup cover material unless you're worried about scratches.
the headband could be an issue if made out of plastic or if placing much strain on it because of stretching to reduce clamp for larger heads or similar.
as for pads, pleather is cheaper but normally wears faster than leather and gets harder quicker. leather and pleather can be hot. suede is cooler but may not seal as tight and might affect bass levels. generally on most models pads are replaceable but you may want to check before buying.
honestly not much to say.. just look up some reviews mentioning how well built they are. you can pretty much tell by handling them in person if they feel cheaply built or not though.