If you had them uploaded to Google, then you should find them in your account. However, if you did not regularly upload them, or have the phone synced and regularly update it so that the info was sent to your Google account, it is all gone. No way to get it back.
You can, however check your prior bills, either physical ones or check your account online through the service provider/carrier to look at your call history and text history. It won't give you details like names, etc., but you will find all numbers you have called and texted, or gotten calls and texts from, in that list. Nothing else you can do.
Things like this are exactly why I have a copy of all the photos, music, videos, contacts, etc., also on my computer and a hard copy...