^ Concur with reasons.
1) The voltage rating on the laptop is ONLY vailid up to the rated current.
2) The max Current that is drawn is based on: laptop On and charging at the same time.
What is happening is That you are drawing More current than what the charger is rated at. This in turn loads the voltage down so that you will be suppling less voltage than is listed on the charger.
In Your case the voltage is dropping more than is required by the laptop input circuits. So YES your laptop input could Fail, EVEN if the AC adaptor ddn't fail. NOTE: Also, The AC charger WILL fail, just a question of how soon.
Bottom Line - DO NOT use that AC adaptor with that laptop.