Photography: Artist vs technician

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uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:

> The principle is that, given that a photograph has not been doctored,

Good grief, not you're adding so many restrictions and stipulations, so how
much does it have to be "doctored" before it's not causally related and
can be art? Does these images look like they ever existed and are
"causially linked" to you?

http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=986975

http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=1001983

Even this one is so far from "reality" I can't see how you could claim this
is some sort of dirrect image of reality.

http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=986607


>A painting (alone) cannot be so used under any
> circumstances.

As someone else said, they were accepted before photography. I'm sure if
someone reputable testified to them, they could be used today. A photograph
by itself isn't admisable without someone to testify it hasn't been
doctored or at least doesn't hold much weght, especially a digital image. I
know even in small claims court, I had to testify under oath the digital
images I presented were "as is" undoctored images.

--

Stacey
 
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"Stacey" <fotocord@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:3hkd4kFh889iU1@individual.net...
> uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>
>> The principle is that, given that a photograph has not been doctored,
>
> Good grief, not you're adding so many restrictions and stipulations, so
> how
> much does it have to be "doctored" before it's not causally related and
> can be art? Does these images look like they ever existed and are
> "causially linked" to you?
>
> http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=986975
>
> http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=1001983
>
> Even this one is so far from "reality" I can't see how you could claim
> this
> is some sort of dirrect image of reality.
>
> http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=986607
>
>
>>A painting (alone) cannot be so used under any
>> circumstances.
>
> As someone else said, they were accepted before photography. I'm sure if
> someone reputable testified to them, they could be used today. A
> photograph
> by itself isn't admisable without someone to testify it hasn't been
> doctored or at least doesn't hold much weght, especially a digital image.
> I
> know even in small claims court, I had to testify under oath the digital
> images I presented were "as is" undoctored images.
>
> --
>
> Stacey

Sure. And, if the painting was created before the crime was committed, and
by someone completely disconnected to any of the people involved, the
painting could be used to portray what the scene was like in the past. It
could serve as significant testimony in court. (Might make a good Colombo
scenario.....:^)
 
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On Sat, 18 Jun 2005 11:35:29 -0700, "Frank ess" <frank@fshe2fs.com>
wrote:

>Bill Funk wrote:
>> On 18 Jun 2005 09:31:16 -0700, uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>>
>>> The principle is that, given that a photograph has not been
>>> doctored,
>>> it IS causally related to the scene it depicts and therefore can be
>>> used as evidence. A painting (alone) cannot be so used under any
>>> circumstances.
>>
>> Well, sort of.
>> Take photography of autos, for example. A careful choice of lens and
>> background and foreground can make an unaltered photograph of an
>> auto
>> give an entirely false impression of the size and styling of the
>> auto.
>> To such an extent that, in fact, the use of such tactics can result
>> in
>> charges of false advertising.
>
><Snip>
>
>It was explained to me in an auto-oriented forum that manufacturers'
>photographers consistently used jockey-size models in their
>advertisements.
>
>Cheaters.

It's been explained to me right here in this forum (RPD) that Sigma
SDx cameras are 10+MP cameras.
I don't believe that, either.

--
Bill Funk
replace "g" with "a"
 
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On Sat, 18 Jun 2005 17:14:36 -0700, "William Graham"
<weg9@comcast.net> wrote:

>
>"Bill Funk" <BigBill@there.com> wrote in message
>news:iaq8b1dtr3f0r2jq51bad7ql1dcc45m722@4ax.com...
>> On Fri, 17 Jun 2005 15:44:44 -0700, William Graham wrote:
>>
>>>
>>> <uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com> wrote in message
>>> news:1119045446.225056.176990@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>>>> 'Beauty'? Who said anything about 'beauty'? That has nothing to do with
>>>> it.
>>>
>>> Well, if "art" isn't an attempt to create beauty, or that which is
>>> beautiful, then just what do you think it is?
>>
>> To me (and I'm not an artist), art is an attempt on the part of the
>> artist to show the viewer what the artist saw.
>> It *might* be beauty, but it might be, instead, power, or sorrow, or a
>> host of other emotions or dimensions or characteristics of the subject
>> matter.
>> Beauty? Possibly, but certainly not universally.
>> I don't see how Munch was trying to express or create beauty with The
>> Scream.
>>
>This is true, but to me, it's the work that is beautiful....that is, the
>artist's ability to capture whatever he saw, or wanted to portray....that's
>where the beauty lies. The subject matter, however, need not be
>beautiful.....
>

I don't think that's what you said above.
If I may paraphrase a little, I hear you saying that you see beauty in
the work the artist does to creat his art. I undersatand that.
I also see beauty in the work an auto designer does to create an auto
design. I think an Aztec is ugly. It may be a "work of art", but I
still think it's ugly. He may have labored to create something at
least pleasing, and I see the beauty in the work he did to make that
design, but I still think the design he created is ugly. (And I'm far
from alone in this assessment.)
But this points up a difference between the beauty of the work the
artist does (which is what you say you see in your last post), and the
end result of that work. The beauty of the former does not always
become beauty in the end product, whether by design or otherwise.

IOW, art is not always beauty.

--
Bill Funk
replace "g" with "a"
 
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On 18 Jun 2005 09:23:49 -0700, uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:

>Absolutely correct. All 'art' is 'artificial'. Note the root of the
>word!

This is hilarious! As a comedian, you're an artist!

Do you know how to use a dictionary?

--
Bill Funk
replace "g" with "a"
 
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William Graham wrote:
>>
>>So, back to my point about what's-his-name with the celeb portraits. Is he
>>striving to improve the human condition?
>
>
> Now you guys are confusing (art vs. non-art) with (good art vs. bad
> art)......

Lots of fuzzy lines. Would you call advertising art? 'Commercial Art'
can be pleasant. What isn't art? The only thing that matters really is
if it's good, who cares about bad art.
 
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John A. Stovall wrote:

> On Sat, 18 Jun 2005 20:35:04 -0700, Paul Furman <paul-@-edgehill.net>
> wrote:
>
> "...raise the level of humanity." a nice catch phase and just what
> level do you wish to raise humanity to?


To a pure ideal white race? Nah. You are right of course that it's all
relative but there are limits.

'Beauty is in the eye of the beholder'

But keeping all that in mind, I think it's perfectly fair to make
judgements within the context of your own society. I'm as relativistic
as the next guy but you can't let that cripple you either.


>
> "beauty" is a cultural and historic concept having different meanings
> in different times and different places.
>
> <SNIP!>
>
>
> *************************************************************
>
> "People, in various places and times, have not merely thought
> different things. They have thought them differently.
> It is probable that their most fundamental cerebral
> process have changed through time. Their deepest emotional
> drives and desires may themselves have been transformed.
> Significant elements of continuity cannot be understood
> without a sense of the discontinuities, too."
>
> _Historians' Fallacies_
> "The fallacy of the universal man"
> David Hackett Fisher
 
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In rec.photo.digital William Graham <weg9@comcast.net> wrote:

: I would say that photography can be art. That is, a photographer can
: use the medium to create artistic works. But in many cases, (mine, for
: example) the camera is just a tool to record the scenes of my life that
: I will enjoy looking at later, and my children and grandchildren may
: enjoy later also. I do not attempt to create works of art, only decent
: compositions that are not out of focus, or exposed badly. And I am sure
: that in many other cases, photographers simply use cameras to record
: things, either for scientific purposes, or for later information
: retrieval or verification.


I agree. Different people use the act of capturing an image with a camera
for many different purposes. I personally have many different "types" of
pictures. Some images are taken purely to document a
scene/event/object/etc. For these photos all I want is to be able to make
out the specific subject. To some extent this could include snapshots
which would document people and events such as a family gathering. Many
times such photos have little or no interrest for those who were not
directly involved, and sometimes not even then.

Sometimes I take photos because I see something interresting (this can be
closely connected to the above "type"). I may look for the most effective
angle or composition to express my feeling upon viewing the subject. This
may border on "art" as it can have an emotional element. There may be a
little bit more interrest in such photos as this may include displaying to
someone what I saw in a place that the viewer may not have ever been in,
or in a situation that they will never experience. But it is still
possible to overwhelm the audience. I kind of equate this with vacation
photos or baby pictures. A dozen of the best is interresting, a couple
hundred is booring.

Some photos are taken because I see an opportunity for a possible great
image that is artistic and compelling. For such an image I may take quite
a while setting up and even take many images trying different settings to
capture the "perfect image". The best of these equate (to the limits of my
ability, imagination and equipment) to photos in magazines, such as travel
magazines.

Another kind of image is one that I take purely as resource material for
photo manipulation later. A field of flowers to use as a background image,
or a high contrast scene that might make an interresting image after
applying a PS filter (like emboss, edge detect, solarize, etc). I also
include in this photos that I take for other hobby pursuits (like a brick
wall that can become a wall in a model layout, or a photo of a building
that can be used to simulate depth on a backdrop).

And lastly I occasionally am called upon by friends and family to take
portrature. These are very planned. Mostly these are for photos to be
placed on the livingroom piano for a year or so to show off how the
family/kids/grandkids look now, or for inclusion in xmas cards.

I even have one category for experimental photos. Sometimes I just shoot
to see what I can make of it. By constantly "playing around" I may
discover some effect or emotional impact that was either planned or even
accidental. But by discovering what works for me I can then recall what I
did when the subject makes that particular setup take the image from
good to impressive. :)

Different photos have different reasons for taking and different reasons
for use. I doesn't matter if I am capturing an image for my own use as a
memory aid, or trying for "high art". If it is worth it for me to push the
shutter release, it is worth it to me. I admit that the vast majority of
images I take will never see a paper surface. But they were not intended
for printing. And some will be printed but only for a short term single
use (or even experimental use). But if I keep looking for photo
opportunities I will eventually capture a few "hang on the wall art"
images. :)

I think that this distinction is where some of these heated debates about
what is photography comes from. Some people only accept one type of photo
as "true photography". But any process that captures an image (with or
without later manipulation of that image) is photography. Even a blurry,
badly composed image that helps the photographer remember something from
their past may be a worthwhile photo to take (see that blur, that is the
winner of the indy 500 in the last lap before the checkered flag).
Lousy photo, valuable memory. :)

There is room in this hobby/profession for all of us, from the 5 year old
who is just thrilled that they have figured how to "look through the
little hole and push the button" to the person who takes a week setting up
a photo that will be printed in a limited edition print (of only 50,000
numbered prints) that will be sold through art galleries for only $500
each and every degree inbetween. :)

JMHO

Randy

==========
Randy Berbaum
Champaign, IL
 
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Randy Berbaum wrote:
> In rec.photo.digital William Graham <weg9@comcast.net> wrote:
>
>> I would say that photography can be art. That is, a photographer
>> can
>> use the medium to create artistic works. But in many cases, (mine,
>> for example) the camera is just a tool to record the scenes of my
>> life that I will enjoy looking at later, and my children and
>> grandchildren may enjoy later also. I do not attempt to create
>> works
>> of art, only decent compositions that are not out of focus, or
>> exposed badly. And I am sure that in many other cases,
>> photographers
>> simply use cameras to record things, either for scientific
>> purposes,
>> or for later information retrieval or verification.
>
>
> I agree. Different people use the act of capturing an image with a
> camera for many different purposes. I personally have many different
> "types" of pictures. Some images are taken purely to document a
> scene/event/object/etc. For these photos all I want is to be able to
> make out the specific subject. To some extent this could include
> snapshots which would document people and events such as a family
> gathering. Many times such photos have little or no interrest for
> those who were not directly involved, and sometimes not even then.
>

<snip thoughtful elucidation>

> I think that this distinction is where some of these heated debates
> about what is photography comes from. Some people only accept one
> type of photo as "true photography". But any process that captures
> an
> image (with or without later manipulation of that image) is
> photography. Even a blurry, badly composed image that helps the
> photographer remember something from their past may be a worthwhile
> photo to take (see that blur, that is the winner of the indy 500 in
> the last lap before the checkered flag).
> Lousy photo, valuable memory. :)
>

Here are links to several pages of photos that answer that
description. They've stimulated scores of contacts and expressions of
appreciation. How much of it is Art? Small proportion, but as Bill
Grahaam and Bill Funk clarify, there is art in the making of them,
even though they are not artful in themselves:
http://tinyurl.com/amvkh or
http://home.san.rr.com/fsheff/oldpht01.htm and
http://tinyurl.com/cmk3b or
http://www.fototime.com/ftweb/bin/ft.dll/pictures?userid={161BD2CF-C5CD-446B-B028-586AF136C181}&AlbumId={BEFD6E4D-E9C8-4A02-8C92-663A5B4A1704}&GroupId={CF7A07DD-0E9A-4E8C-B120-B688082EEB5C}

> There is room in this hobby/profession for all of us, from the 5
> year
> old who is just thrilled that they have figured how to "look through
> the little hole and push the button" to the person who takes a week
> setting up a photo that will be printed in a limited edition print
> (of only 50,000 numbered prints) that will be sold through art
> galleries for only $500 each and every degree inbetween. :)
>
> JMHO
>
> Randy
>
> ==========
> Randy Berbaum
> Champaign, IL

I'm really enjoying this discussion. You can no doubt sense that my
thinking on the subject, or even on what the subject is, has been at
least a little sloppy and fuzzy. As in Art, I believe that is not all
bad: to my sensibility, much of the emphasis in "analyzing art is or
should be in the process of creation, and in the experience.

I do value very highly the techniques and concrete aspects, am in awe
of the creators' capabilities and products; however, much of what I am
interested in exploring, once I have seen (or heard, or felt) the
"piece", has to do with what was going on inside the artist and how
they emerge in his/her work. Not that I don't have any interest in
what pigments and why, what brush, chisel, lens, film, and why, which
guitar-maker, what woods, and why, but they are not first on my list
of explorable aspects, in this life of limited time.

I guess technique and technical is a means to an end, the end being
experience in the viewer's terms as determined by the art-maker's
motive, internal and external environments, and similar facets of the
viewer's existence, and how they meet -- or don't -- in the work and
its apprehension.

Among all the wheels, great and small that have been invented and
reinvented, this one must have been done and described to a
fare-the-well by great and small thinkers, and expressed in
authoritative terms for posterity. Of course for your case or mine,
they may not have got it quite right. No, I'm sure they have not got
it quite right for anyone but themselves, and maybe not even that.

Any road, I don't know much about Art, but I know what it feels like.

Thanks to all the serious and cheerful participants.

--
Frank ess
 
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uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:

>
> ": the philosophy or science of art; specifically : the science
> whose subject matter is the description and explanation of the arts,
> artistic phenomena, and aesthetic experience and includes the
> psychology, sociology, ethnology, and history of the arts and
> essentially related aspects"

And nothing in that, or anything you've posted proves that photography
or a photograph cannot be art.

Give it up Mikey.


--
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Alan Browne <alan.browne@FreeLunchVideotron.ca> wrote:

> uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>
> > ": the philosophy or science of art; specifically : the science whose
> > subject matter is the description and explanation of the arts, artistic
> > phenomena, and aesthetic experience and includes the psychology,
> > sociology, ethnology, and history of the arts and essentially related
> > aspects"
>
> And nothing in that, or anything you've posted proves that photography or
> a photograph cannot be art.
>
> Give it up Mikey.

Nothing in this thread indicates that you'll get the last word, Alan. So
give up trying. 🙂
 
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A photograph is evidence that something exists, more or less(!) as
depicted in the photograph. A painting is no evidence that something
exists.

Bill Funk wrote:
> On 18 Jun 2005 09:31:16 -0700, uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>
> >The principle is that, given that a photograph has not been doctored,
> >it IS causally related to the scene it depicts and therefore can be
> >used as evidence. A painting (alone) cannot be so used under any
> >circumstances.
>
> Well, sort of.
> Take photography of autos, for example. A careful choice of lens and
> background and foreground can make an unaltered photograph of an auto
> give an entirely false impression of the size and styling of the auto.
> To such an extent that, in fact, the use of such tactics can result in
> charges of false advertising.
> The idea that an unaltered photo can universally be accepted as
> accurately depicting a scene or subject is false.
> The rules of evidence for a photograph reflect this; a photo can be
> used, for example, to show a particular person was at a certain scene
> if the photo is properly vetted.
> A photo can not be used to show that a person was at a particular
> *spot* in a particular location unless the particulars of the
> camera/lens and position of camera is known (and can be verified).
>
> Just watching Monk for a season will let anyone know this. 🙂
>
> >
> >Stacey wrote:
> >> uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
> >>
> >> > No, you don't understand. The photograph of something proves that it
> >> > exists.
> >>
> >> Not after you take the clone brush to it..
> >>
> >> > Thae painting does not. Photographs can be used as evidence in
> >> > court.
> >>
> >> Maybe if you have the RAW file/negative. A print sure can't be in an
> >> important case.
> >> --
> >>
> >> Stacey
>
> --
> Bill Funk
> replace "g" with "a"
 
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Bill Funk wrote:
> On 18 Jun 2005 09:34:02 -0700, uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>
> >
> >
> >RichA wrote:
> >> On 17 Jun 2005 13:48:44 -0700, uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
> >>
> >> >No matter how good a dog is, it cannot be a cat.
> >> >
> >> >No matter how good a photograph is, it is not a work of art.
> >>
> >> How about the theory that some artists (Da Vinci, for instance)
> >> used camera obscura to assist them? Does the projected image
> >> they used as a template mean their art isn't art?
> >
> >No, because they could chose to follow the projected image or not...the
> >painting is not an 'image'. An 'image' is causally related to something
> >else.
>
> >A 'picture' (the technical term for a painting)
>
> Can you please show a site that supports this definition of a
> painting? I can't seem to find one.

Oh, try the Oxford English Dictionary, for instance. The word 'picture'
is most closely related to painting, though it is sometimes used
(sloppily) to refer to photographs.

> >is NOT causally
> >related to anything. Photographs should not really be called 'pictures'
> >for that reason.
>
> See above.
>
> I can't seem to find any support for your contention that a photo
> isn't a picture. In fact, when I ask Google to define "picture"
> (define: picture), photographs are specifically included as
> "pictures".
> A clarification of why everyone else is wrong would be appreciated.

In the Oxford (1928) and Shorter Oxford (4th edition, 1974) English
Dictionary, the usage is mentioned as applying to paintings or
sketches. Photographs are NOT mentioned in those editions. More recent
editions of the SOED do mention photographs, as usage has become less
distinct. Traditionally, however, the word 'picture' refers properly to
paintings and the like (a photograph is not 'the like').

>
> --
> Bill Funk
> replace "g" with "a"
 
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Paul Furman wrote:
> uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>
> >
> > Colin D wrote:
> >
> >> If your statement that 'any' painting,
> >>good or bad, is art, then that applies to photographs as well.
> >
> >
> > Huh? The difference between 'art' and 'non-art' IS technical and not a
> > matter of quality.
>
>
> OK then you are talking about something else. You are talking about an
> irrelevant distinction.

Irrelevant? It IS the most important distinction that can be! Causal vs
intentional!

---------------------------------

Part of Scruton's argument:

"1 ---
In order to understand what I mean by saying that photography is not a
representational art, it is important to separate painting and
photography as much as possible, so as to discuss not actual painting
and actual photography but an ideal form of each, an ideal which
represents the essential differences between them. Ideal photography
differs from actual photography as indeed ideal painting differs from
actual painting. Actual photography is the result of the attempt by
photographers to pollute the ideal of their craft with the aims and
methods of painting.

By an 'ideal' I mean a logical ideal. The ideal of photography is not
an ideal at which photography aims or ought to aim. On the contrary, it
is a logical fiction, designed merely to capture what is distinctive in
the photographic relation and in our interest in it. It will be clear
from this discussion that there need be no such thing as an ideal
photograph in my sense, and the reader should not be deterred if I
begin by describing photography in terms that seem to be exaggerated or
false.

The ideal painting stands in a certain 'intentional' relation to a
subject.[2] In other words, if a painting represents a subject, it does
not follow that the subject exists nor, if it does exist, that the
painting represents the subject as it is. Moreover, if x is a painting
of a man, it does not follow that there is some particular man of which
x is the painting. Furthermore, the painting stands in this intentional
relation to its subject because of a representational act, the artist's
act, and in characterizing the relation between a painting and its
subject we are also describing the artist's intention. The successful
realization of that intention lies in the creation of an appearance, an
appearance which in some way leads the spectator to recognize the
subject.

----------------------------------------------------------------
[2] See Franz Clemens Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical
Standpoint, ed. Linda McAlister (London and New York, 1973); Roderick
M. Chis- holm, Perceiving (London and Ithaca, N.Y., 1957), chapter 11;
and G. E. M. Anscombe, 'The Intentionality of Sensation', in R. J.
Butler (ed.), Ana- lyticql Philosophy, Second Series (Oxford, 1965).

-----------------------------

The ideal photograph also stands in a certain relation to a subject. a
photograph is a photograph of something. But the relation is here
causal and not intentional.[3] In other words, if a photograph is a
photograph of a subject, it follows that the subject exists, and if x
is a photograph of a man, there is a particular man of whom x is the
photograph. It also follows, though for different reasons, that the
subject is, roughly, as it appears in the photograph. In characterizing
the relation between the ideal photograph and its subject, one is
characterizing not an intention but a causal process, and while there
is, as a rule, an intentional act involved, this is not an essential
part of the photographic relation. The ideal photograph also yields an
appearance, but the appearance is not interesting as the realization of
an intention but rather as a record of how an actual object looked.

Since the end point of the two processes is, or can be, so similar, it
is tempting to think that the intentionality of the one relation and
the causality of the other are quite iuelevant to the standing of the
finished product. In both cases, it seems, the important part of
representation lies in the fact that the spectator can see the subject
in the picture. The appreciation of photographs and the appreciation of
paintings both involve the exercise of the capacity to 'see as', in the
quite special sense in which one may see x as y without believing or
being tempted to believe that x is y.

---2---
Now, it would be a simple matter to define 'representation' so that 'x
represents y' is true only if x expresses a thought about y, or if x is
designed to remind one of y, or whatever, in which case a relation that
was merely causal (a relation that was not characterized in terms of
any thought, intention, or other mental act) would never be sufficient
for representation. We need to be clear, however, why we should wish to
define representation in one way rather than in another. What hangs on
the decision? In particular, why should it matter that the relation
between a painting and its subject is an intentional relation while the
photographic relation is merely causal? I shall therefore begin
by....."

(end of quote.....)



> Is advertising art? Lets just say for an example
> an advertisement (painted) that makes the customer feel inadequate for
> the purpose of tricking them through lies to buy the product. Is that
> art? Is that philosophically 'aesthetic?'
>
>
> --
> Paul Furman
> http://www.edgehill.net/1
> san francisco native plants
 
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William Graham wrote:

> > --
> > Frank ess
> I would say that photography can be art.

No, photographs cannot be works of art.


> That is, a photographer can use the
> medium to create artistic works.

No, he cannot.

> But in many cases, (mine, for example) the
> camera is just a tool to record the scenes of my life that I will enjoy
> looking at later, and my children and grandchildren may enjoy later also. I
> do not attempt to create works of art, only decent compositions that are not
> out of focus, or exposed badly. And I am sure that in many other cases,
> photographers simply use cameras to record things, either for scientific
> purposes, or for later information retrieval or verification.

Part of Scruton's argument:

"1 ---
In order to understand what I mean by saying that photography is not a
representational art, it is important to separate painting and
photography as much as possible, so as to discuss not actual painting
and actual photography but an ideal form of each, an ideal which
represents the essential differences between them. Ideal photography
differs from actual photography as indeed ideal painting differs from
actual painting. Actual photography is the result of the attempt by
photographers to pollute the ideal of their craft with the aims and
methods of painting.

By an 'ideal' I mean a logical ideal. The ideal of photography is not
an ideal at which photography aims or ought to aim. On the contrary, it
is a logical fiction, designed merely to capture what is distinctive in
the photographic relation and in our interest in it. It will be clear
from this discussion that there need be no such thing as an ideal
photograph in my sense, and the reader should not be deterred if I
begin by describing photography in terms that seem to be exaggerated or
false.

The ideal painting stands in a certain 'intentional' relation to a
subject.[2] In other words, if a painting represents a subject, it does
not follow that the subject exists nor, if it does exist, that the
painting represents the subject as it is. Moreover, if x is a painting
of a man, it does not follow that there is some particular man of which
x is the painting. Furthermore, the painting stands in this intentional
relation to its subject because of a representational act, the artist's
act, and in characterizing the relation between a painting and its
subject we are also describing the artist's intention. The successful
realization of that intention lies in the creation of an appearance, an
appearance which in some way leads the spectator to recognize the
subject.

----------------------------------------------------------------
[2] See Franz Clemens Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical
Standpoint, ed. Linda McAlister (London and New York, 1973); Roderick
M. Chis- holm, Perceiving (London and Ithaca, N.Y., 1957), chapter 11;
and G. E. M. Anscombe, 'The Intentionality of Sensation', in R. J.
Butler (ed.), Ana- lyticql Philosophy, Second Series (Oxford, 1965).

-----------------------------

The ideal photograph also stands in a certain relation to a subject. a
photograph is a photograph of something. But the relation is here
causal and not intentional.[3] In other words, if a photograph is a
photograph of a subject, it follows that the subject exists, and if x
is a photograph of a man, there is a particular man of whom x is the
photograph. It also follows, though for different reasons, that the
subject is, roughly, as it appears in the photograph. In characterizing
the relation between the ideal photograph and its subject, one is
characterizing not an intention but a causal process, and while there
is, as a rule, an intentional act involved, this is not an essential
part of the photographic relation. The ideal photograph also yields an
appearance, but the appearance is not interesting as the realization of
an intention but rather as a record of how an actual object looked.

Since the end point of the two processes is, or can be, so similar, it
is tempting to think that the intentionality of the one relation and
the causality of the other are quite iuelevant to the standing of the
finished product. In both cases, it seems, the important part of
representation lies in the fact that the spectator can see the subject
in the picture. The appreciation of photographs and the appreciation of
paintings both involve the exercise of the capacity to 'see as', in the
quite special sense in which one may see x as y without believing or
being tempted to believe that x is y.

---2---
Now, it would be a simple matter to define 'representation' so that 'x
represents y' is true only if x expresses a thought about y, or if x is
designed to remind one of y, or whatever, in which case a relation that
was merely causal (a relation that was not characterized in terms of
any thought, intention, or other mental act) would never be sufficient
for representation. We need to be clear, however, why we should wish to
define representation in one way rather than in another. What hangs on
the decision? In particular, why should it matter that the relation
between a painting and its subject is an intentional relation while the
photographic relation is merely causal? I shall therefore begin
by....."

(end of quote.....)
 
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Randy Berbaum wrote:
> In rec.photo.digital William Graham <weg9@comcast.net> wrote:
>
> : I would say that photography can be art. That is, a photographer can
> : use the medium to create artistic works. But in many cases, (mine, for
> : example) the camera is just a tool to record the scenes of my life that
> : I will enjoy looking at later, and my children and grandchildren may
> : enjoy later also. I do not attempt to create works of art, only decent
> : compositions that are not out of focus, or exposed badly. And I am sure
> : that in many other cases, photographers simply use cameras to record
> : things, either for scientific purposes, or for later information
> : retrieval or verification.
>
>
> I agree.

You're wrong. Photographs cannot be art.

---------------------------------------------------

Part of Scruton's argument:

"1 ---
In order to understand what I mean by saying that photography is not a
representational art, it is important to separate painting and
photography as much as possible, so as to discuss not actual painting
and actual photography but an ideal form of each, an ideal which
represents the essential differences between them. Ideal photography
differs from actual photography as indeed ideal painting differs from
actual painting. Actual photography is the result of the attempt by
photographers to pollute the ideal of their craft with the aims and
methods of painting.

By an 'ideal' I mean a logical ideal. The ideal of photography is not
an ideal at which photography aims or ought to aim. On the contrary, it
is a logical fiction, designed merely to capture what is distinctive in
the photographic relation and in our interest in it. It will be clear
from this discussion that there need be no such thing as an ideal
photograph in my sense, and the reader should not be deterred if I
begin by describing photography in terms that seem to be exaggerated or
false.

The ideal painting stands in a certain 'intentional' relation to a
subject.[2] In other words, if a painting represents a subject, it does
not follow that the subject exists nor, if it does exist, that the
painting represents the subject as it is. Moreover, if x is a painting
of a man, it does not follow that there is some particular man of which
x is the painting. Furthermore, the painting stands in this intentional
relation to its subject because of a representational act, the artist's
act, and in characterizing the relation between a painting and its
subject we are also describing the artist's intention. The successful
realization of that intention lies in the creation of an appearance, an
appearance which in some way leads the spectator to recognize the
subject.

----------------------------------------------------------------
[2] See Franz Clemens Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical
Standpoint, ed. Linda McAlister (London and New York, 1973); Roderick
M. Chis- holm, Perceiving (London and Ithaca, N.Y., 1957), chapter 11;
and G. E. M. Anscombe, 'The Intentionality of Sensation', in R. J.
Butler (ed.), Ana- lyticql Philosophy, Second Series (Oxford, 1965).

-----------------------------

The ideal photograph also stands in a certain relation to a subject. a
photograph is a photograph of something. But the relation is here
causal and not intentional.[3] In other words, if a photograph is a
photograph of a subject, it follows that the subject exists, and if x
is a photograph of a man, there is a particular man of whom x is the
photograph. It also follows, though for different reasons, that the
subject is, roughly, as it appears in the photograph. In characterizing
the relation between the ideal photograph and its subject, one is
characterizing not an intention but a causal process, and while there
is, as a rule, an intentional act involved, this is not an essential
part of the photographic relation. The ideal photograph also yields an
appearance, but the appearance is not interesting as the realization of
an intention but rather as a record of how an actual object looked.

Since the end point of the two processes is, or can be, so similar, it
is tempting to think that the intentionality of the one relation and
the causality of the other are quite iuelevant to the standing of the
finished product. In both cases, it seems, the important part of
representation lies in the fact that the spectator can see the subject
in the picture. The appreciation of photographs and the appreciation of
paintings both involve the exercise of the capacity to 'see as', in the
quite special sense in which one may see x as y without believing or
being tempted to believe that x is y.

---2---
Now, it would be a simple matter to define 'representation' so that 'x
represents y' is true only if x expresses a thought about y, or if x is
designed to remind one of y, or whatever, in which case a relation that
was merely causal (a relation that was not characterized in terms of
any thought, intention, or other mental act) would never be sufficient
for representation. We need to be clear, however, why we should wish to
define representation in one way rather than in another. What hangs on
the decision? In particular, why should it matter that the relation
between a painting and its subject is an intentional relation while the
photographic relation is merely causal? I shall therefore begin
by....."

(end of quote.....)
 
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Bill Funk wrote:
> On 18 Jun 2005 09:23:49 -0700, uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>
> >Absolutely correct. All 'art' is 'artificial'. Note the root of the
> >word!
>
> This is hilarious! As a comedian, you're an artist!

You obviously are a complete moron. What is 'artificial' is the
product of 'art' (made by man). See the definition in Webster's Third
new International Dictionary:

"1 : contrived through human art or effort and not by natural causes
detached from human agency : relating to human direction or effect in
contrast to nature: a : formed or established by man's efforts, not by
nature *the people do not resort to artificial irrigation-
J.G.Frazer* "
>
> Do you know how to use a dictionary?
>
> --
> Bill Funk
> replace "g" with "a"
 
Archived from groups: rec.photo.digital.slr-systems,rec.photo.digital,rec.photo.equipment.35mm (More info?)

Proves? I don't have to 'prove' anything. This distinction already
exists. All I have to do is show you that you're using the word 'art'
incorrectly. It amuses me that photographers want to call their work
'art' when that ('art') is of lesser value and importance than good
photogrraphy.

It's like bragging that your Porsche is a poodle. It's indescribably
stupid.


-------------------------------------------------

Part of Scruton's argument:

"1 ---
In order to understand what I mean by saying that photography is not a
representational art, it is important to separate painting and
photography as much as possible, so as to discuss not actual painting
and actual photography but an ideal form of each, an ideal which
represents the essential differences between them. Ideal photography
differs from actual photography as indeed ideal painting differs from
actual painting. Actual photography is the result of the attempt by
photographers to pollute the ideal of their craft with the aims and
methods of painting.

By an 'ideal' I mean a logical ideal. The ideal of photography is not
an ideal at which photography aims or ought to aim. On the contrary, it
is a logical fiction, designed merely to capture what is distinctive in
the photographic relation and in our interest in it. It will be clear
from this discussion that there need be no such thing as an ideal
photograph in my sense, and the reader should not be deterred if I
begin by describing photography in terms that seem to be exaggerated or
false.

The ideal painting stands in a certain 'intentional' relation to a
subject.[2] In other words, if a painting represents a subject, it does
not follow that the subject exists nor, if it does exist, that the
painting represents the subject as it is. Moreover, if x is a painting
of a man, it does not follow that there is some particular man of which
x is the painting. Furthermore, the painting stands in this intentional
relation to its subject because of a representational act, the artist's
act, and in characterizing the relation between a painting and its
subject we are also describing the artist's intention. The successful
realization of that intention lies in the creation of an appearance, an
appearance which in some way leads the spectator to recognize the
subject.

----------------------------------------------------------------
[2] See Franz Clemens Brentano, Psychology from an Empirical
Standpoint, ed. Linda McAlister (London and New York, 1973); Roderick
M. Chis- holm, Perceiving (London and Ithaca, N.Y., 1957), chapter 11;
and G. E. M. Anscombe, 'The Intentionality of Sensation', in R. J.
Butler (ed.), Ana- lyticql Philosophy, Second Series (Oxford, 1965).

-----------------------------

The ideal photograph also stands in a certain relation to a subject. a
photograph is a photograph of something. But the relation is here
causal and not intentional.[3] In other words, if a photograph is a
photograph of a subject, it follows that the subject exists, and if x
is a photograph of a man, there is a particular man of whom x is the
photograph. It also follows, though for different reasons, that the
subject is, roughly, as it appears in the photograph. In characterizing
the relation between the ideal photograph and its subject, one is
characterizing not an intention but a causal process, and while there
is, as a rule, an intentional act involved, this is not an essential
part of the photographic relation. The ideal photograph also yields an
appearance, but the appearance is not interesting as the realization of
an intention but rather as a record of how an actual object looked.

Since the end point of the two processes is, or can be, so similar, it
is tempting to think that the intentionality of the one relation and
the causality of the other are quite iuelevant to the standing of the
finished product. In both cases, it seems, the important part of
representation lies in the fact that the spectator can see the subject
in the picture. The appreciation of photographs and the appreciation of
paintings both involve the exercise of the capacity to 'see as', in the
quite special sense in which one may see x as y without believing or
being tempted to believe that x is y.

---2---
Now, it would be a simple matter to define 'representation' so that 'x
represents y' is true only if x expresses a thought about y, or if x is
designed to remind one of y, or whatever, in which case a relation that
was merely causal (a relation that was not characterized in terms of
any thought, intention, or other mental act) would never be sufficient
for representation. We need to be clear, however, why we should wish to
define representation in one way rather than in another. What hangs on
the decision? In particular, why should it matter that the relation
between a painting and its subject is an intentional relation while the
photographic relation is merely causal? I shall therefore begin
by....."

(end of quote.....)


Alan Browne wrote:
> uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com wrote:
>
> >
> > ": the philosophy or science of art; specifically : the science
> > whose subject matter is the description and explanation of the arts,
> > artistic phenomena, and aesthetic experience and includes the
> > psychology, sociology, ethnology, and history of the arts and
> > essentially related aspects"
>
> And nothing in that, or anything you've posted proves that photography
> or a photograph cannot be art.
>
> Give it up Mikey.
>
>
> --
> -- r.p.e.35mm user resource: http://www.aliasimages.com/rpe35mmur.htm
> -- r.p.d.slr-systems: http://www.aliasimages.com/rpdslrsysur.htm
> -- [SI] gallery & rulz: http://www.pbase.com/shootin
> -- e-meil: Remove FreeLunch.
 
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<uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1119204833.334553.182290@g43g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>
>
> William Graham wrote:
>
>> > --
>> > Frank ess
>> I would say that photography can be art.
>
> No, photographs cannot be works of art.
>
>
>> That is, a photographer can use the
>> medium to create artistic works.
>
> No, he cannot.

Obviously, we have different definitions of, "art". To me, anything a human
being does with care, and the desire to do it as best he/she can, is "art".
I make no distinction between painting, sculpting, woodworking, and
photography. - Or, for that matter any craft or business. Even accounting
can be carefully and well done. If one labors to do whatever they do better
than anyone else, and stands back afterward, contemplates the results of
their labor with the pride of personal accomplishment, then what they do is,
to me, "art". I don't have to wonder why the work of a painter is art, but
the work of the guy at the Saturday market who makes little polished boxes
out of exotic wood is not. I know that the definition is purely arbitrary,
and on planet X in some other galaxy, making little boxes out of exotic
woods is real art, and painting with oils on canvas is just a craft that
doesn't qualify. Why? - Because the definition is purely arbitrary, and
there is no intrinsic reason why one would call one labor of love an art,
and not apply the same term to some other labor of love. IOW, you can change
the definition of the word if you desire, but the process is the same, just
as the country in Africa doesn't change just because a different dictator
takes over and calls it "Jonesland" instead of "Smithland". (Which is why I
care about Geology, but could care less about Geography)
So, I refuse to take part in your discussion of what is real art. I
don't care what the definition is. I have my own definition. Anything I like
to do, and work at doing well, is art. Why should I give up my hobbies and
take up some other hobby just so people will call me an, "artist", instead
of a "craftsperson"? I don't care what they call me. I will continue to do
what I like to do, and when I do it well enough, I will look at it and know
that I have created a work of art.
 
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<uraniumcommittee@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1119204833.334553.182290@g43g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>
>
> William Graham wrote:
>
> > > --
> > > Frank ess
> > I would say that photography can be art.
>
> No, photographs cannot be works of art.
>
>
> > That is, a photographer can use the
> > medium to create artistic works.
>
> No, he cannot.
>
> > But in many cases, (mine, for example) the
> > camera is just a tool to record the scenes of my life that I will enjoy
> > looking at later, and my children and grandchildren may enjoy later
also. I
> > do not attempt to create works of art, only decent compositions that are
not
> > out of focus, or exposed badly. And I am sure that in many other cases,
> > photographers simply use cameras to record things, either for scientific
> > purposes, or for later information retrieval or verification.
>
> Part of Scruton's argument:

A bunch of self-serving, pretentious bullshit. One misguided moron doesn't
define aesthetics.

Greg