You should be able to access the backup (if you backed things up) by adding the original google account from your old device to the new device and then accessing it that way.
Now there is no way to get any data or files off the old device if it isn't working. It has to be functioning to access it and get anything off of it.
So, if you didn't sync the files to that google account, or upload them (back them up) to it, then the files are gone.