You can't. Only the phone company could do that (approximately) by triangulating the signal from the phone (that is using that SIM) to the towers. Not a precise method at all.
Besides, they don't do that for customers; it's much cheaper for them to just deactivate the old card and issue you a new one. That means the old SIM will not connect to the network anymore; however, if inserted in a SIM reader and with the proper software one can still access the information stored on that SIM (like contacts etc).