You don't need to spend that much for a decent camera, and actually depending on the cell phone, that camera may be good enough for quality pictures.
We took some great photos even from a moving car with an iPad 4 and iPhone 5 camera.
If you don't have a good cell phone camera handy, for a trip you may want to look into rugged cameras, say you are walking around and sit on the thing, or go for a ride in a water coaster or drop it or get caught in rain. For your price range you can get a good enough camera with rugged features.
Take a look at Olympus TG-2, Panasonic TS5, , Sony Cyber-Shot TX30, Nikon Coolpix AW110 or for a small although also with less quality pics, Pentax WG3/WG3-GPS.
If I was picking, I'd probably go with the...