Theoretically, it would be possible, but not probable. You are more likely to track down the cell phones, with police help, than you are the notebook.
To effectively track the notebook, you would need the MAC address (at a minimum) and a good idea of where to look for the notebook with some sniffer software.
Scanning the entire Internet certainly isn't feasible. Talk to the police and see what they can do. Many departments now have some pretty advanced capabilities when it comes to dealing with tech crimes.