The primary way to prolong battery life is to:
1. Lower screen brightness
2, Switch the power option to Power Saving Mode; which may vary from laptop to laptop if manufacturers include their own profiles. Windows should have a "Balanced" profile if not "Low Power".
3. Put the laptop in "Airplane Mode" which basically disables all wireless communication that includes WiFi and Bluetooth. This should be found in network settings. Of course, if you need to be connected, then do not switch to Airplane Mode.
4. Replace the hard drive (HDD) with a solid state drive (SSD). SSD consumes a lot less power than HDD because of no moving parts. However SSD are relatively expensive. If the laptop already has a SSD, then is point is moot.