So me Mr. Obvious here sees:
Turntable ----> (maybe)RIAA Preamp ----> Amplifier/Receiver -----> Speakers.
Ya, if you put your ears near the turntable cartridge, u hear a very faint sound because the cartridge vibration actually pushes some minuscule amount of air.
So one of the OTHER things in the path above is broke, or hooked up wrong? So I would work backwards, (1)does receiver produce ANY sound? from radio, from other sources? if no then u got broken receiver or speakers. (2)if u can hear radio blah-blah then I would ask, if the turntable hook up the correct jack? tell us WHAT jack is this that you have it hooked up, so we don't have to guess.
Never discount broken cables, it happens.