Okay, so while HWMonitor is generally a great way to go for finding out why your system overheats, I don't think it will work here, just because your system only manages to stay up for a minute or two, and between windows taking forever to load and having to download, install, run, and grab a photo or glimpse of the temps, you probably won't get far.
Could you locate the fan vents on the side or back of your laptop and feel for hot air? There are a couple of potentially interesting scenarios here:
A: You feel a very small amount of hot air blowing out of the vent
Conclusion: Vents blocked, requires compressed air or deep cleaning
B: You feel heat radiating out of that area, but no air
Conclusion: Your fan is not functioning correctly - either fan needs replaced or a very deep cleaning is required due to severe blockage
C: You feel and or hear wind rushing out of the vent, but it's not particularly warm
Conclusion: Your thermal compound is bad and needs replaced. TIM (thermal interface material) helps transfer heat from the processor / gpu to the cooler to be expelled by the fan. Bad / old compound becomes an insulator and fails to transfer the heat to the cooling system. This results in your computer fruitlessly ramping up the fan to cool itself off, but the fan is not blowing heat out because the cooling system isn't hot, because the thermal compound is blocking the CPU from transferring the heat to the cooling system, rather than assisting it.
D: You feel hot air coming out at a decent rate
Conclusion: Not entirely sure - your CPU is definitely hot, and your cooling system is doing its job, but it still is not enough. Something else is causing your system to overheat, but I don't know what it might be.
Please let me know what you find. Good luck!