Hey there, koeienc64.
It seems like the laptop is having issues with loading your OS, if I'm not mistaken. If this is the case it could be due to an HDD issue. I'd recommend that you try that drive with a different computer if possible (and if taking it out of the laptop does not void the warranty, if the laptop is still under warranty). If the drive is properly recognized by a different computer, go ahead and backup your important information, after that download the HDD manufacturer's diagnostic tool and test it for errors and bad sectors, to see if there's anything alarming.
You might also be able to get to your files while the HDD is in the laptop by using Ubuntu Live USB/DVD, to see if it's able to properly recognized and access the drive.
Getting in touch with the laptop manufacturer's customer support for more information might also be a good idea.
Hope that helps.
Boogieman_WD