Might be possible. Check your call logs - there you can see whoever gave missed calls or anything. Then, run their phone number through truecaller or some other app/tracing way you can trust (i never used one though).
Otherwise, it's better to block the random number. I had some calls a while ago, where a random number would call and hang up as soon as I say "Hello" but the call will keep going as long as I dont say anything. Things like this might be risky.